BGS 5+5: Squirrel Butter

Artist: Squirrel Butter (Charlie Beck & Charmaine Slaven)
Hometown: Murphy, North Carolina
Latest Album: Hazelnut (Tiki Parlour Recordings)
Personal nicknames (or rejected band names): Chicken Scratch Fever, The Char Chars, Charmalarmadingdong

Which artist has influenced you the most … and how?

Kermit the Frog. His work on John Denver’s A Christmas Together is a revelation. His vocal work is strong yet understated. Listening to the record you would likely not realize that it is actually a frog singing! Amazing.

What’s your favorite memory from being on stage?

A real gem of a stage memory was when we were planning a West Coast tour and we booked ourselves at a bar that advertised having a weekly burlesque and variety show. We had never been there before, but the location worked well for our travel plans. When the evening’s entertainment began and the audience of mostly loud, swarthy, dudes showed up we realized that it was not the artistic showcase we had in mind. It was a titty bar. After a few gals performed their acts we got on stage to play our first song. Charmaine started flatfoot dancing in her cute dress to my banjo playing. The audience was silent. The dudes’ eyes were locked on Charmaine while she danced with aplomb to my zippy clawhammer banjo playing. We played the piece, and Charmaine did not remove any clothing. When we ended, the audience remained quiet; like maybe they were waiting for the chance of a surprise happy-ending wardrobe “malfunction” or something. I thought in that brief moment that I would be grabbed from the stage and given a whooping. But the audience erupted in applause. Turns out they loved it, and they were grateful for the variety we brought to the evening’s entertainment. We were the cold shower that feels kinda good between all the hot stuff.

What was the first moment that you knew you wanted to be a musician?

I was in first grade at recess and pretending to sing very flamboyant rock ‘n’ roll. It was no song in particular. I was making up words as I went along, and I have no recollection of those words. I was strutting, spinning, dancing and swaying with an imaginary microphone in my hand. I remember climbing to the top of the monkey bar/ladder thingy. It was the highest part of the playground structure. I looked up at the sky singing, and I looked down below singing. I remember most of the kids were playing and oblivious to what I was doing, but a couple of kids were watching me and were like, “Yeah, man!” I guess you could say I peaked early, but oh well. I’m still trying to recapture that magic.

What’s the toughest time you ever had writing a song?

During the pandemic we decided to have a weekly half-hour children’s show available on Patreon.com. Every week we had a new theme and new songs. It didn’t take long for this to become an oppressive task. But I managed to write many songs including ones about sports, T-Rex, migration, mashed potatoes, Pam the Lamb and how to make pumpkin dumplings.

Since food and music go so well together, what is your dream pairing of a meal and a musician?

Arugula salad, morel mushroom risotto, braised rabbit, and chocolate dipped strawberries with Bill Frisell. Classy, yet humbly filling like a peasant meal when the harvest comes in.


Photo Credit: Barry Southern

American Aquarium’s BJ Barham Takes a Long Road to ‘Chicamacomico’

The first two songs on American Aquarium’s new album Chicamacomico refer to the past year as one that nearly “broke us.” It’s a weariness that frontman BJ Barham came by honestly, writing songs in the wake of a string of losses — the death of his mother and grandmother, the suicide of a close friend, and a heartbreaking miscarriage that he and his wife suffered through before the birth of their daughter Pearl, now 4 years old.

Ably produced by Brad Cook (Bon Iver, Hiss Golden Messenger and Hurray for the Riff Raff), Chicamacomico is titled after the name of a life-saving station on the Outer Banks of Barham’s native North Carolina. It is the group’s 16th album in a 16-year career, a span of time that has seen American Aquarium move steadily up the Americana ladder. They’ve gone from hardscrabble bar-band origins to headlining Nashville’s fabled Ryman Auditorium, and even the Billboard charts. They cracked the Billboard 200 for the first time with 2020’s Lamentations, and bigger horizons beckon this year.

BGS: When American Aquarium was just starting out, could you even imagine a career like this?

Barham: When I first started, my goal was a bar tab. I was pretty awkward talking to girls, and having a band was a way to do that and also drink for free. I thought it might last through college. Well, it made me leave college, and I have not had to work a straight job since 2007. I always used to joke I’d never live a normal life where you go from point A to point B. But I ended up at B, I just took a weird way to get to family, home, kids and security, both financial and mental. There were a couple of pit stops deeper into the alphabet. As a kid, you don’t have the foresight to even think, “Twenty years from now, I want to have 15-plus records out.”

I never looked up at a clock until I started reading articles where they’d list us as influences. I remember coming up and listing Drive-By Truckers, Lucero and Whiskeytown as influences. And I appreciate being thought of in the same way now, but it kind of hurts to know I’m not the young guy on the scene anymore. I guess I’m the wise old guy now? Or old wise guy? But I’m very fortunate. With social media, you’re constantly comparing where you want to go and not looking down the ladder at where you’ve been, how far you’ve come. The last couple years taught me to appreciate the journey so far rather than the rungs still to climb.

Do you have any personal connection to Chicamacomico, the place you named the album after?

It’s where I wrote the record. Last few records, I’ll take a writing retreat with the wife and kid, go somewhere for a week and a half, rent a good-sized two-level house. I’ll go in the basement and write from 8 to 5, then come out for dinner and hanging out. For Lamentations, it was a cabin in the mountains in Waynesville in the fall. From the subject matter in my notebook of one-liners, I knew this record would be dark from processing some losses. So I picked a beach town off-season, Rodanthe, and it was desolate as a ghost town. That brought some things out you can hear on the record, because I couldn’t have written this there in July.

Every day, I’d take a break at lunch to go on a run, and there was this giant water tower that said Chicamacomico. I looked it up, and that’s what North Hatteras Island used to be called by the Algonquin tribe that settled it. It means ‘sinking sand.’ When the U.S. Postal Service came to town, Chicamacomico was hard to pronounce and spell. So they turned it into three separate cities: Rodanthe, Waves and Salvo. What better name for an album about loss than a place that lost its name to ‘progress’? The place has its own version of loss.

Everything came back to this idea of loss, and where I was. And it was desolate. I’d go on five- or six-mile runs every day, and I think I saw two cars the whole week. There were all these $4-5 million beachfront homes standing empty, real Walking Dead-type stuff. Maybe it was the quarantine, but we’d go on these beach walks and there were no footprints. My daughter loved having this entire town to herself. It was the perfect backdrop for this dark, personal record I was waking up every morning to write. Once I wrote that song, I knew it would be the title.

The title song “Chicamacomico” came from a miscarriage you guys experienced, right?

It happened about five-and-a-half years ago, before Pearl. It’s a heavy thing that takes a toll on both of you. There’s a lot of shame and blame, wondering if you were too stressed out. Did you do something wrong? Did previous actions set this in motion? Who knows? It’s a song for people who don’t know how to talk about it. I have the gift of being able to tell a story, which I’ve sharpened over 16 years. I have a strong ability to boil something down to a two-and-a-half-minute story I can present to people. I still couldn’t have written this one at age 25, or even five years ago. It would have been too new. But five-and-a-half years later, it feels real rather than just angry or sad. You have to give yourself time to rise above it and look down.

The honesty of it evokes emotions in people. That’s what drew me to music, getting down to the quick, as honest and raw and emotional as I can. John Prine was the master who could make you weep and laugh in two verses of the same song, and that’s the goal, to make you feel something. That song’s been six years in the making and it was a giant weight off my shoulders. First time I played it live, someone came up afterward to tell me their story and I still hear that from people. There’s no reason for blame or shame, 30-some percent of adults will experience it whether they know it or not. If I’ve learned anything in the way of sage advice, it’s that dragging stuff out of dark corners into the light takes away its power. I wanted to make sure I did it justice, not as a woe-is-me pity party. Let’s overcome this, talk about it, get past it.

This is a heavy, heavy record with a lot of loss. Tell us about “The First Year,” the song about your mother.

My mom died New Years Eve of 2019. My family jokes that she saw what was coming, so she checked out. But nobody wants to lose a parent. It’s heavy, and we had a strained relationship toward the end. The loss did not hit me at first, because the funeral was the easy part — friends and family telling great stories about her. That was comforting. The hard part came with the first birthday and anniversary and Thanksgiving and Christmas without her. On my birthday, my phone did not ring at 7:34 in the morning with her wishing me happy birthday. That’s when reality set in that she was really gone.

For my dad, it was their wedding anniversary. They’d married on the July 4 Bicentennial, and now his wife of 44 years was not there. My dad’s not an emotional person, but that day was extremely emotional for him. That song in particular was one of the heaviest, and it grounded this record. When we started sending out pre-orders, “The First Year” emerged as the song that was just wrecking people. As a songwriter, you want to evoke emotion and I feel like I hit the mark with that one.

I don’t think anybody has made it through the last two years without losing someone, whether to suicide or overdose or Covid or just getting old, just the myriad things plaguing us right now. That song can be hard for people, but I hope it serves as a salve. I’m not as old and wise as some, but the last 20 years, I’ve come to realize that this just never ends. I went to the funeral of an old high-school friend just last week, not even 40 years old. Luckily, I have songs as a conduit. I stay pretty chipper because I’m able to compartmentalize things, get them off my back, put them into the world and move on.

On the lighter side, there’s that line on “The Little Things” where you say you’re “just a father and a husband who knows his way around a microphone.” It sounds like you made good use of quarantine time.

That verse just wrote itself, one of those moments where I was trying to talk to my wife and in runs our daughter screaming about some dinosaur show she was watching. A lot of musicians looked at Covid as the industry stopping for two years, no shows or anything. But me not being able to play shows allowed me to be present as a great dad and fall in love with it so much. Now there’s no amount of money that can pull me away. I’ve turned down a lot to be there for the preschool play, swim lessons, picking her up from school. It’s like a new job.

Now I still love the other job, after 16 years. But being a dad is hands down the best. Now real life bleeds in when I write. I started out trying to write songs I thought might make people like me. A lot of posturing: “This is what rock and roll is, I’ll write about living that life of the hard-partying rocker on the road. It’s what they want to hear.” Then sobriety came in my 30s and I was not the rock and roll guy so much. It was more about real life. Then the kid comes and it changes to bigger social pictures, which is where the last three records have landed. It’s no coincidence that that happened after fatherhood. It’s not a magic switch so much as seeing the impact you have on another human and having a platform to say bigger things.

Your voice is certainly out-front on this one more than ever before.

I’ve become more comfortable with being intimate. Brad’s been a lot of help there, encouraging me not to scream so much. Live, I’m emoting over a powerful six-piece band cranked to 10. Here I’m out front with the band sitting behind it. Feels like being in a small room telling you a story no one else can hear, kind of controlled and hushed. Confessing, which can be just as powerful as a booming guitar solo. After we were done, I thanked the band for doing exactly what they needed to do. Not a lot of bands are confident enough to do ‘less is more.’ At the root of it, we’re a big rock and roll band, but they were great about showing restraint.

You see this a lot in Americana, rockers who are songwriters becoming more comfortable with being vulnerable and intimate as they get older. All my favorite songwriters start doing more of this over time, where it sounds more like a conversation between friends rather than a transaction at the local enormodome. Maybe I’m at that point. I’ve attempted records like this before, but there’s always been some bombast. This one hit the nail on the head of intimacy for me. It checks a lot of boxes: honesty, intimacy, confession. Simple but powerful. It didn’t leave me wishing for more guitar solos, it left me fulfilled.

LISTEN: Unspoken Tradition, “Soldiers of Dust”

Artist: Unspoken Tradition
Hometown: Cherryville, North Carolina
Song: “Soldiers of Dust”
Album: Imaginary Lines
Release Date: June 10, 2022
Label: Mountain Home Music Company

In Their Words: “‘Soldiers of Dust’ was written to represent multiple viewpoints of the world in the wake of the social unrest spurred on by the hardships of the pandemic. Every line in the song was intended to be a stand-alone idea to be interpreted in more than one way. There are references to working-class struggles, fear of change, gentrification, and the tyranny that can come with the deliberate removal of nuance. It was inspired by my own learning experience of how to relate to people who have different worldviews than me and the reward that comes from having empathy towards those views. ‘We live in these cities of rust, like soldiers of dust’ is a metaphor for what could happen if we are not willing to meet people where they are and we end up in a losing battle and in a society not worth having.” — Ty Gilpin, Unspoken Tradition

Crossroads Label Group · 04 Soldiers Of Dust

Photo Credit: Sandlin Gaither

LISTEN: American Aquarium, “Wildfire”

Artist: American Aquarium
Hometown: Raleigh, North Carolina
Song: “Wildfire”
Album: Chicamacomico
Release Date: June 10, 2022
Label: Losing Side Records/Thirty Tigers

In Their Words: “‘Wildfire’ is a song about someone coming along and simultaneously fulfilling and destroying your life. The destructive kind of love that burns fast and bright and serves as a lesson for future relationships. The kind of love that teaches you the definitions of unfathomable joy and catastrophic collapse at the same time. These are the relationships that you never want to end but know they must. The kind of love that, for better or worse, leaves its mark on you forever. We have all had these moments. We have all lost these moments. I wanted to capture the experience in a song, and I’ve always loved the imagery of fire. This cleansing destruction that teaches us to grow back stronger.” — BJ Barham, American Aquarium


Influenced by Jazz, Tray Wellington Breaks Down Barriers on ‘Black Banjo’

Growing up in the southern Appalachian Mountains of North Carolina, Tray Wellington discovered the banjo as a teenager. Now in his early 20s with a full-length debut album titled Black Banjo, Wellington subverts the musical expectations he has felt as a Black musician by presenting banjo in a jazz-tinged, progressive style. While his influences include many pioneers of the banjo, the impact of jazz musicians such as John Coltrane is undeniable.

Bluegrass is built on these seemingly paradoxical subtleties but has not always afforded people of color the space to express them. In this way, Wellington is bold in his sincerity and Black Banjo is striking in its creativity. While the narrative drifts between different musical and artistic styles, it is all held together by the connection to Tray as an artist, musician, and person. As he explains to The Bluegrass Situation, “When I try to write things, I’m hoping that they touch on things that a lot of people can grab on to.”

BGS: What was your inspiration for the theme of this project?

Wellington: A big thing for me was breaking down some of the expectations that are put on people in the music, specifically people of color in terms of diversity in general. There are all these stereotypes and expectations put on people to play certain types of music or to play it in a certain way. I’ve often heard things like, “Oh, you should be playing old-time music in such-and-such style because that would be a really deep representation of your history.” You know what I mean?

I have never really considered how often that microaggression might occur but it makes a lot of sense hearing you explain it. I can hear exactly how the well-intentioned people we know would say that.

Yeah. I get their purpose behind it, and I don’t mind people that do approach their music that way because I think it’s great to go and look at a historical side of things and pay tribute; I really dig that. I’m totally for that. But I also think when somebody’s trying to make their own way and do what they want to do musically, putting these labels on people, especially in a group of people that have already been marginalized, limits a lot of creative freedom for people.

Your music in general is a lot more like progressive bluegrass. It makes sense that trying to be led into a different style would be frustrating

Yeah, exactly. My music is more influenced by jazz and stuff like that. When I was thinking about putting this record together, I wanted it to kind of be a statement like, “Hey, I’m doing this for myself and I want to make a new path and I want there to be a redefinition of what this means.” If that makes sense. Because I want this idea that Black people have to create a certain style of music, or talk about this, or do this, to be less restricted and broader than it is right now.

The mix of originals and covers on the album strikes a nice balance. Tim O’Brien is singing on “Wasted Time,” right? What’s the story behind that song?

I’m not sure how to explain it. The idea is getting trapped in your own head about things. It also has a lot to do with alcohol, but it’s more about that feeling of getting trapped in your own head about certain things. When certain things are going on in life, it’s easy to get into a state of disarray.

How about the spoken word bit over “Naima,” how did that come about?

I was writing a bunch of poetry over the pandemic and wanted to put something over that track that had meaning to me. John Coltrane’s music had a lot to do with breaking barriers and I had written some poems about barrier-breaking in the world that happened over the pandemic. I wanted to include one of those in that song as an extra tribute to the work he did as far as expanding barriers.

How long have you been writing poetry?

It’s been a recent thing. In the past year, I’ve been writing down little ideas in my phone. I’ll come up with lines that kind of rhyme together, and if I’m feeling a certain way, I’ll pull out my phone and write some stuff down about how I’m feeling at that moment. And it’s cool because if you’re writing a song or looking for a line for something, you can go back and find something that might fit.

Are the other originals all things that you’ve written recently or are there some you’ve held on to for a while?

There are a couple of songs I’ve had for a while. One song I wrote back in 2018 or ‘19 and I just didn’t record it on my first record because it didn’t really fit the feeling of the first record. A lot of the stuff I wrote when it was getting close to recording just because that’s usually when I hit my big creative markers. I sometimes have trouble writing until I feel pressure that I have to get something done. Especially banjo stuff. I’ll write a lot of songs all at once and then I won’t write new tunes for a while until it’s getting close to time to record. I’ll be like, “Oh, wait, I got to get this done. Let’s get writing again.” And then I’ll usually have some creative juices start flowing.

How did you end up getting interested in bluegrass in the first place? And how did you start playing the banjo?

I was originally playing electric guitar. I was listening to mostly rock and had heard other kinds of folk music but I really hadn’t specifically heard bluegrass. But after I had been playing for a while I got to know some guys playing flatpicking guitar. I went to middle school with Jacob Greer, who went on to play with the band Sideline. I also grew up around Zack Arnold, who now plays with Rhonda Vincent. I thought flatpicking guitar was really cool, technique-wise, so I started wanting to learn.

There was a club at my middle school at the time that was like a traditional music club. So I went there and I started trying to learn and that’s where I heard banjo for the first time. And I fell in love with it from the get-go. I just heard it and thought it was so cool. I went home and begged my mom to get me a banjo. We finally got one from a pawn shop somewhere, and I got going that way. The teacher in that class showed me some of my first banjo rolls. And then I started learning. It’s been a journey since then.

Where did you grow up?

I grew up in Ashe County, North Carolina, which is in between Boone and Wilkesboro. During high school I got to take what they call a mountain music class. You could go and play whatever. It was really an open-ended thing as far as music goes. Steve Lewis was the teacher for that. He’s a really good flatpicking guitarist and banjo player.

Having a really clear title like Black Banjo on a bluegrass label like Mountain Home with your great playing and writing in a more modern and progressive style will definitely (hopefully) allow some listeners to question what they think certain things should be. It’s a showcase of Black excellence in a space that doesn’t often see that. Was that your intention when you started this project? 

It wasn’t necessarily my intention when I first started recording for Mountain Home, but it became more of a thing when we were preparing the second round of stuff. I got to the point of thinking this should have something in addition to the music, and the idea behind it should have some meaning to me and not just be an album. I was trying to think of things that meant a lot to me and how I could form the music around that idea to make it make sense. That’s kind of how I decided on the album because one of my goals in general in playing music is to break down some of these barriers related to what people think people of color in this music should do.


Photo Credit: Dan Boner

WATCH: Darin & Brooke Aldridge, “No Mistakes”

Artist: Darin & Brooke Aldridge
Hometown: Cherryville, North Carolina
Song: “No Mistakes”
Album: This Life We’re Livin’
Release Date: August 6, 2021
Label: Billy Blue Records

In Their Words: “Sonia Lee and Paige Logan couldn’t have written a more beautiful song with ‘No Mistakes.’ Its wonderfully inspiring message is already speaking volumes to those who have heard it. The song reminds us that no matter what point we’re at in our lives — whether it led us down a right or wrong path — we have the chance to learn from those mistakes. Mistakes are part of being human. Just like the lyrics say to just ‘let go…have faith…’ we are right where we need to be today. Because truly, there are ‘No Mistakes.'” — Darin & Brooke Aldridge


Photo Credit: Kim Brantley

LISTEN: Clint Roberts, “Jeremiah”

Artist: Clint Roberts
Hometown: Brevard, North Carolina
Song: “Jeremiah”
Album: Holler Choir
Release Date: May 13, 2022
Label: Carry On Music

In Their Words: “‘Jeremiah’ approaches sentiments that I’ve held for many years, but I haven’t known quite how to approach them in a song until recently. Growing up in a rural mountain town, few people stuck out. Those who did, did so courageously, often because they had no other choice. Hearing others use slurs was commonplace, unfortunately. The nails that stuck out got hammered down. Though I’ve never been subject to any discrimination, I have friends who have been many times. ‘Jeremiah’ is a memory of my feelings about it. It is a critique of the Bible Belt, but also American culture at large. I’m proud of where I’m from, but we have some things to work on. I try to stay optimistic.

“This song is a commentary on growing up in the South and witnessing discrimination against young gay [LGBTQ+] individuals. I myself do not have a gay brother, but have dear friends who identify as so. As a heterosexual male, I can’t and won’t pretend to know what many people go through that are discriminated against. I can only speak to the pain I feel watching it happen in front of me. ‘Jeremiah’ was my way of expressing solidarity through the lens of my Appalachian upbringing.” — Clint Roberts


Photo Credit: Kendall Bailey Photography

BGS 5+5: Carley Arrowood

Artist: Carley Arrowood
Hometown: Newton, North Carolina
Latest Album: Goin’ Home Comin’ On
Personal nicknames: My really close friends call me “Carl,” mostly against my will. Also I did marry Mr. Daniel Thrailkill, and I did take his name! But it was his idea for me to keep Arrowood for my music stuff.

What artist has influenced you the most, and how?

Oh, gracious. There are literally SO many artists/fiddlers who have left an impact on me in some special way. I definitely have to say Alison Krauss for one. She effortlessly executes everything. Y’all already know. I’ve also really learned and have been trying to remember the past several years that not everything has to be super fancy, as long as it’s tasteful and intentional, so another fiddler I look up to is Stuart Duncan. Again, effortless, gorgeous playing, and the man knows where longer, breathier bows fit perfectly. I’m loving picking up on that. Jim VanCleve is another one. The first time I heard his playing as a teenager I thought, “How in the world is he making his fiddle sound like an electric guitar?!” And I learned that trick, too. The group Celtic Woman also had an enormous impact on me as a little girl, and because of their original fiddler Mairead Nesbitt, I have an extra love for the Celtic flair. I still can’t dance and play, though. I could keep going but I have four more questions to answer. Haha!

What’s your favorite memory from being onstage?

Again, too many to count, but one that has come back to mind a lot recently is when I was playing in my teen group Most Wanted Bluegrass. We were about to finish a set down in Walhalla, South Carolina, maybe had three songs left. My sister Autumn was taking a mandolin break so I was chopping behind her. Next thing I know, I hit my E string with the frog of my bow and I literally chopped it in half. It was SO funny! The sad part was, I’d just cleaned out my fiddle case and didn’t have an extra string, so I just stood up there and clapped along with the band. Good times!

What rituals do you have, either in the studio or before a show?

I wouldn’t call it a ‘ritual’, but I do try to remember to talk to the Lord and pray before (or during) anything like recording or performing onstage. Because a lot of times I get so caught up in the hype and the applause and good times, and even in getting it right, that I admit I forget where it all comes from in the first place. God gave the gift of music, so I ask Him to help me remember to glorify Him in everything I do. I’m just a sinful human, but He is so worthy of everything.

What has been the best advice you’ve received so far in your career so far?

Like I said earlier, I’ve tried to really hone in and know that not everything has to be flashy and fancy, especially since stepping into a solo career. Years ago when I was recording for Darin and Brooke Aldridge, Darin told me “less is more,” and that has stuck with me a lot, even as a fiddle teacher. Also here recently, I had the privilege of talking to Sierra Hull and she told me to just play “whatever I could, whenever I could, wherever I could,” and I just really loved that! If I’m going all in with this thing, I just gotta do it and not be afraid. I’m thankful for both of those phrases.

Which elements of nature do you spend the most time with and how do those impact your work?

Daniel and I love to hike and be in the mountains when we can. We love chasing waterfalls and sunsets and just seeing the vibrant colors of the last light of day. We also love spending time on our front porch in the warmer months, feeling the breeze and the sunshine on our faces. All of that just makes me feel really small, and magnifies the majesty of Jesus and His love toward us, so it’s just really refreshing and inspiring for new creativity. I personally love when springtime comes around and everything is made new again. It’s like new possibilities on the horizon!


Photo Credit: Laci Connell, High Lonesome Sound Photography

LISTEN: Erika Lewis, “A Thousand Miles”

Artist: Erika Lewis
Hometown: Asheville, North Carolina
Song: “A Thousand Miles”
Album: A Walk Around the Sun
Release Date: April 29, 2022

In Their Words: “I wrote ‘A Thousand Miles’ nearly a decade ago when I was living in New Orleans. It was inspired by a new love and was one of those tunes that seemed to write itself one night sitting on the front porch. The essence of the song is really about choosing love and hoping for the best. That lover and I have long since parted ways but the sentiment still feels relevant. The recording features Shaye Cohn (Tuba Skinny) on fiddle and harmony vocals, Megan Coleman on drums, John James Tourville (The Deslondes) on pedal steel and electric guitar, Dennis Crouch on upright bass, and Casey Wayne McAllister on Wurlitzer.” — Erika Lewis


Photo Credit: Sarrah Danziger

Carolina Calling: the Wilmington Effect

From Blue Velvet to One Tree Hill, scores of movies & TV shows have been filmed in & around Wilmington, North Carolina. Perhaps the best-known is Dawson’s Creek, the popular late-’90s coming-of-age drama series. While the show tried to tackle progressive storylines, its stark lack of diversity made Dawson’s Creek frequently cited as the whitest show ever. Nearly two decades after it went off the air, tourists still come to Wilmington in search of the show’s landmarks.

But Wilmington has a more difficult, less visible side to its history, politically as well as culturally, going back to the 1700s. Long before North Carolina became one of America’s original 13 colonies, there were thriving Indigenous communities throughout the region. There was also a time when Wilmington’s most famous musician was a man of color, Frank Johnson: fiddler, composer, and bandleader – and one of the biggest stars in American music in the years before the Civil War.

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During Reconstruction, Wilmington was an unusually progressive, forward-thinking town. In contrast to the state of things elsewhere in the South, Wilmington elected a racially diverse local government, led by both whites and freed Black people.

That came to an abrupt end in 1898 with a white-supremacist coup, a bloody rampage that left numerous people of color dead and Black-owned businesses destroyed. Those the mob didn’t kill, they chased out of town. That left Wilmington with a mostly white population, an all-white local government – and a whitewashed version of the city’s history in which Black people’s contributions were erased from the official story.

This might seem like ancient history, but it’s not. Wilmington’s most famous native-born musician is probably Charlie Daniels, the country-music star who died in the summer of 2020. Daniels was born in 1936 – less than four decades after that 1898 uprising. The real story of the 1898 coup is finally coming to light in recent years, thanks to works like the 2020 Pulitzer-winning book Wilmington’s Lie. But it’s still not widely known.

In this episode of Carolina Calling, we explore Wilmington – a town that keeps its secrets even as they’re hidden in plain sight – through the life and career of Frank Johnson, whose his story and stardom were all but lost to time – or rather, to the erasing effects of the 1898 massacre on Wilmington’s history.

This episode features John Jeremiah Sullivan, a writer and historian who lives in Wilmington and has written extensively about the city’s music and history for The New Yorker and New York Times magazine, as well as Grammy winner Rhiannon Giddens, and musicians Charly Lowry and Lakota John.

Subscribe to Carolina Calling on any and all podcast platforms to follow along as we journey across the Old North State, visiting towns like Durham, Asheville, Shelby, Greensboro, and more.


Music featured in this episode:

Paula Cole – “I Don’t Want To Wait”
“Saraz Handpan C# Minor”
Charlie Daniels – “Long Haired Country Boy”
Traditional – “The Lumbee Song”
Lakota John – “She Caught The Katy”
Ranky Tanky – “Knee Bone”
Lauchlin Shaw, Glenn Glass & Fred Olson – “Twinkle Little Star”
Marvin Gaster, Rich Hartness, Beth Hartness & Harry Gaster – “Rye Straw”
Evelyn Shaw, Lauchlin Shaw, A.C. Overton & Wayne Martin – “Money, Marbles and Chalk”
Marvin Gaster, Rich Hartness, Beth Hartness & Harry Gaster – “Chickens Growing at Midnight”
Rhiannon Giddens w/ Franceso Turrisi – “Avalon”
Rhiannon Giddens w/ Franceso Turrisi – “There Is No Other”
Joe Thompson & Odell Thompson – “Donna Got a Rambling Mind”
The Showmen – “39-23-46”


BGS is proud to produce Carolina Calling in partnership with Come Hear NC, a campaign from the North Carolina Department of Natural & Cultural Resources designed to celebrate North Carolinians’ contribution to the canon of American music.

Portrait of Frank Johnson via the National Portrait Gallery